Toxic changes are seen in circulating neutrophils (i.e. in the blood smear) with inflammatory responses. Features of toxic change include: 

Dohle bodies

Cytoplasmic basophilia

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Rouleaux is the stacking of RBCs. This can be seen normally in cats and horses. In dogs, it is seen with pathologies/processes that result in hyperglobulinemia such as inflammation, antigenic...

It is essential to check a blood smear when your CBC analyzer tells you a patient is thrombocytopenic!

In these cases, it’s so important to microscopically evaluate the smear and do...

Ready for a case challenge?

This is a horse case, but even if you’re a small animal practitioner, you’ve probably learned of this at some point even if you haven’t treated a horse...

Panniculitis can be caused by a number of things including: trauma, foreign bodies, infectious organisms, pancreatic disease, Vitamin E deficiency, adverse drug reactions, immune mediated disease,...

Although most “fatty” feeling (soft, squishy) masses will end up being lipomas, you have to watch out for the elusive mast cell tumor that is living in a hidey-hole of fat.

So, even if...